当你听到这个词时 惩罚 你是否会立即想到会有坏事发生？ 是否会联想到打架、责骂甚至暴力？ 通常这是常识，但重要的是你要知道，当我们谈论惩罚的时候，我们有 正面和反面 许多人认为积极的惩罚是好的，消极的惩罚是坏的，但事实并非如此。 根据B.F.斯金纳的观点，在积极的惩罚中，"一个厌恶的变量被添加到 "环境中以惩罚行为，而在消极的惩罚中，"一个奖励的变量被从环境中移除 "也是为了惩罚行为。 为了便于理解，我们可以把积极惩罚和负数为+和-，加和减。
想象一下，你和你的狗在一起散步，当你看到另一只狗时，它开始吠叫并拉动标签。 为了解决这个问题，你诅咒你的狗并锁住标签，这样它就可以停止这样的行为。 意识到你在 插入一个不舒服的东西 在同样的情况下，当你看到你的狗吠叫和拉扯时，你把自己和你的狗一起从环境中移开，使它无法获得导致它表现出这种行为的刺激。 你这样做是在使用负面惩罚。
See_also: 如何判断狗狗是否有虫子 积极惩罚（+）：增加不适感
负面惩罚（-）：剥夺奖励
更明确地说，惩罚总是以减少或消灭行为为目的，而为了增加行为的可能性，我们使用强化，强化也有积极和消极之分，更深入的解释将在未来的文章中进行。
在积极的盛装舞步中，我们更喜欢使用 正面强化 并在必要时 消极惩罚 是的，可能会发生我们需要使用积极的惩罚，但这永远是为了防止更糟糕的事情发生，例如：拉动引线以避免事故的发生，使用积极方法论的训练师总是将动物的健康放在首位，在他们的计划中不会有这种类型的处理。
惩罚总是集中在纠正和抑制不适当的行为上，但这并不是因为狗不再呈现它学到的行为，因为她没有教狗应该做什么的功能。 惩罚会引起一些负面情绪，如恐惧、焦虑、沮丧，在某些情况下会造成创伤，使动物处于无助甚至是有攻击性行为。
在短期内，惩罚给监护人带来了一种解决问题的感觉，正是为了让狗停止出现有关的行为，然而，从中长期来看，其后果可能是非常具有破坏性和有害的。
如果你在教育狗狗的过程中遇到困难，请向拥有积极方法的训练师寻求专业帮助，记住快速的解决方案通常是值得怀疑的，而且大多数情况下是无效的。 同时要关注理想的行为，强化好的行为，你会对狗狗的表现感到惊讶。
See_also: 10种最常见的使你的狗窒息的东西 请看下面的视频，比较传统（惩罚性）训练和积极训练：
Ruben Taylor
Ruben Taylor is a passionate dog enthusiast and experienced dog owner who has dedicated his life to understanding and educating others about the world of dogs. With over a decade of hands-on experience, Ruben has become a trusted source of knowledge and guidance for fellow dog lovers.Having grown up with dogs of various breeds, Ruben developed a deep connection and bond with them from an early age. His fascination with dog behavior, health, and training further intensified as he sought to provide the best possible care for his furry companions.Ruben's expertise extends beyond basic dog care; he has an in-depth understanding of dog diseases, health concerns, and the various complications that can arise. His dedication to research and staying up-to-date with the latest developments in the field ensures that his readers receive accurate and reliable information.Furthermore, Ruben's love for exploring different dog breeds and their unique characteristics has led him to accumulate a wealth of knowledge about various breeds. His thorough insights into breed-specific traits, exercise requirements, and temperaments make him an invaluable resource for individuals seeking information about specific breeds.Through his blog, Ruben endeavors to help dog owners navigate the challenges of dog ownership and raise their fur babies to be happy and healthy companions. From trainingtechniques to fun activities, he provides practical tips and advice to ensure the perfect upbringing of each dog.Ruben's warm and friendly writing style, combined with his vast knowledge, has earned him a loyal following of dog enthusiasts who eagerly anticipate his next blog post. With his passion for dogs shining through his words, Ruben is committed to making a positive impact on the lives of both dogs and their owners.
